Rhinoplasty (formed by two other Greek words with the meaning of "nose" + "plastic", therefore it is literally translated as a "plastic nose") is a section of plastic surgery, which is engaged in the correction of the congenital (obtained in the embryogenesis phase) and in the nasal deformations acquired throughout life.In a nutshell, this is plastic surgery to correct external and internal defects of the nose.Distinguish between open, closed and non -surgical rhinoplasty.In most cases, aesthetic and functional defects are surgically eliminated.
Initially, the correction was performed only in relation to injuries, serious diseases and obvious congenital defects.Subsequently, plastic surgery began to be done, very often, according to aesthetic indications, in order to change the appearance of the nose.For example, remove the hump, reduce the tip, lift the nose bridge, reduce the nostrils and so on. A small story. For the first time, surgeons of the ancient world carried out rhinoplasty. It was mentioned in the ancient "Ayurveda" manuscript dating back to OK.1000 BCThis document captures most of the facts concerning antiquity medicine.The restoration of the units of the face was requested by the wars and people who were mutilated in the battle during the execution of the judicial sentence.Right now, the transplant has begun its history.As a material for correction, the skin of the cheeks or skin on the forehead was taken.Over time, Indian technology has developed so that in the Middle Ages European doctors also master it, they successfully operated on patients.
Indications for rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty is made according to medical and aesthetic indications.In other words, people don't like the appearance of the nose.It can be with a hump or a curve, too large or small, wide or narrow, to the birth of snob or long, with large or asymmetrical nostrils.And it happens that a person's nose was twisted by birth or because of a blow (while often he cannot breathe and an operation is needed to restore nasal breathing).There are frequent cases in which the operation is necessary to correct the appearance defects after the first successful plasticity (this is considered the most difficult surgery).The operation is allowed only to people over the age of 18 (if there are no urgent medical indications).This is due to the fact that the bone tissue is formed until the age of eighteen and the cartilage is even up to twenty.That's why the most suitable age for rhinoplasty from 20 to 35 years.The following is a description of the most common problems with which men and women turn into rhino surgeons.
Nose with a hump
The essence of the problem: there is a small hump on the back of the nose, due to which the nose seems more enormous and the face is dark and dissatisfied.Reason: the defect can be congenital, it may appear after an injury or it can be the result of a previously successful correction.The removal method: in most cases, in plastic surgery, the hump is removed from a closed or open method under general anesthesia.If the back of the nose is too wide, it is necessary to make rhinoplasty with osteotomy (rapprochement of the rear bones)
A large back of the nose
The essence of the problem: a person has a very large nose, which makes the face huge and rude.Reasons: a defect may appear after an injury, be congenital or become the result of an unsuccessful removal of a hump.Method of resolution: open correction with osteotomy under general anesthesia.The essence of this technique is that part of the bone in the rear is removed, so the side parts are brought together.
Nosy's nose is stunned
The essence of the problem: the back of the nose is asymmetrical.Because of the curvature, often a person cannot breathe at all.This problem refers to the functional indications for surgical correction.As a defect appears: in most cases, this is the result of a fracture.Although it happens that the nasal partition is curved due to the intensive growth of the skull bones during growth.Is it possible to straighten your nose? In most cases, an operation to equalize the partition (settoplasty) is undergoing a closed method under local anesthesia.The essence of the operation is shown in the following diagram.If this is not sufficient, in such cases they resort to renighttoplasty (when the partition correction is combined with the elimination of other defects of the form of the nose).In cases where the lesion is quite serious, they resort to reconstructive plastic (more serious surgery, which is often carried out in different phases), this section of studies of plastic surgery to restore the nose after serious injuries and in case of complete absence.The surgeon's task in this case is the restoration of the integrity of the base of bone Cherry and the skin.
The shape of the nose saddle
The essence of the problem: the nose is too low.For what, the shape of the nose remembers a saddle in profile.Reason: the defect can be congenital, it may appear following an injury when part of the bone or cartilage has been damaged.How can you change the situation? The correct shape is restored by transplanting a constant cartilage, the cartilage from the ear (outside the ear) or planting a synthetic system.
Big nose
The essence of the problem. The nose too large (long or wide) makes the face disproportionate.Very often, in these cases, the tip is very thickened.Reason: the defect is often congenital. How do they solve the problem? The nature of the surgical intervention depends on the cause (in some cases it is necessary to reduce the tip of the tip, in others the wings of the nose are reduced, but it happens that it is necessary to remove the hump).Before deciding that it is possible to make plastic surgeons often resort to modeling 3D computer.This allows you to see even before the operation as your face will appear after the procedure.
The shape of the problem of the tip of the nose
The essence of the problem: the correct facial proportions are violated due to the wrong form of the nasal tip.For example, it can be:
- Strict
- Wide
- Round (nose with potatoes or bulbous)
- Lowered (crochet)
- Breed (Kurting)
- Bifurcate
How do they solve the problem? The course of the operation is designed according to the type of problem.
- To reduce the large tip, it is sufficient to tie the dome of large cartilage and in others it is also necessary to truncate part of the cartilage tissue.
- A round fleshy tip more often must remove part of the cartilage, followed by the rapprochement of the domes, often reduce the wings during the operation.
- The bifurcated nose tip must install a transplant from the patient cartilage fabric taken in the ear or ribs area or synthetic material.
- The tip may seem too close due to the disorders associated with the loss of the rigidity of the lateral legs of the cartilage.They are strengthened, also using transplants.
- During the correction of the lowered tip of the nose, the surgeon removes part of the cartilage and raises it by cooking, fixing it in a new position.
- Another operation of the operation implies the strengthening of the columella of the nose to ensure good support for the tip.
- There is a third method associated with the truncation of part of the internal muscle, after which the tip is pulled upwards
- Kournostability is also eliminated in different ways that involve the installation of their transplants or synthetic in the tip of the tip or bridge to the nose.
Large or different ours
The essence of the problem: the disproportionate dimension of the nostrils (too small or too large) or a significant asymmetry can stop harmony and worsens the appearance of the face.How to eliminate the defect? The course of the operation depends on the source of the problem.They can sew the wings of the nose, it may be necessary to strengthen the domes of the retirement cartilage and in some cases it is sufficient to align the nasal septum.It happens that it is necessary to lift or reduce the long tip of the nose
Contraindications to rhinoplasty
To absolute contraindications in which rhinoplasty should not be done in any case:
- Diabetes I, type II
- Coronary heart disease and other diseases serious cardiovascular diseases in which general anesthesia is contraindicated
- Meningitis, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, brucellosis and other serious infectious viral diseases
- System diseases: red lupus, HIV, lepra and others.
- An allergic reaction to the anesthesia components.
- Chronic diseases: liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, etc.
- Cancer
- Bronchial asthma
- Blood clotting problems
- Mental illness
The relative contraindications (rhinoplasty can be done if the disease is curated) refer:
- Age up to 18 years (correction is acceptable only in the most extreme cases)
- Exacerbation of inflammatory diseases (sore throat, front, sinusitis, otitis media)
- Ars, Sars
- Skin diseases
- Age after 50 years (surgery is performed if there are no chronic diseases related to absolute contraindications)
- Pregnancy, lactation, menstruation
How rhinoplasty passes
Rhinoplasty is performed only under general anesthesia.The duration of the procedure depends on the complexity of the surgical intervention and varies from 30 minutes to 2 hours.During the first consultation, the doctor offers to make 3D modeling in order to obtain a complete understanding with the patient.This helps to show a person as a final result you can expect.When you imagine that in the end it results, it is easier to make a conscious choice.Before the operation, the patient must pass an examination of general and biochemical blood and a general urine test.It will also be necessary to do a blood test for HIV and an analysis for blood tests for protrombin.It will be necessary to create an electrocardiogram and take an inspection with profile doctors if necessary.The preparation of the patient in the preoperative period includes the following recommendations:
Two weeks before the operation:
- Refuses to drink alcohol (especially carbonated)
- Do not take blood drugs
- Don't sunbat
- Smoking prohibited
A week before the procedure:
- Acquire all the necessary medicines
- Minimize the use of cosmetics
- Buy contact lenses to replace glasses (for people with poor vision)
10 hours before the operation:
- Don't drink anything (or drink the minimum quantity of liquid)
- Do not use perfume and cosmetics
- Prepare the clothes that must not be removed above the head
- Remove the jewels
Rehabilitation after rhinoplasty
The complete restoration of the fabrics after rhinoplasty occurs one year after surgery.In order to accelerate the tissue healing process and avoid the occurrence of unwanted consequences, it is extremely important to strictly observe the doctor's recommendations regarding behavior in the postoperative period.The first days after the operation, the patient is discomfort due to the fact that he must constantly wear chalk and endure swabs in the nose.This means that you can only breathe with the nose, the mouth often dried.The temperature can be increased.I want to drink.It is difficult to wash and wash your teeth.Remove the chalk and remove the tourunds from the nose before
It is impossible.This can lead to unwanted deformations, an increase in swelling and problems with the healing of tissues.
The first four five days of Edema will intensify, then they will start to appease.To hold back the swelling, it is recommended to be cold compresses them on the first day.After removing the dressing of the chalk for about two weeks, people will continue to experience a discomfort caused by the edema of the nose.Perhaps a certain loss of sensitivity in the field of surgery.The bruises are still visible.Right now, breathing with the nose is already easier. During rehabilitation, the first week, the Renoplast surgeons recommend that you join the following restrictions:
- You can't eat too salty, spicy, acid and more, simple food.
- You cannot tilt your head down, take a bath, lift weights (including taking a child or pets more hard than 5 kg.) And charging.
- You will have to sleep only on the back, on a high pillow.
A person will be able to go to work two weeks after surgery, even if it will be necessary to avoid strong physical work.Therefore, it is better to plan a holiday for this time in order to provide complete rest and rest for rapid recovery.
Within two months of rhinoplasty:
- It is necessary to rinse the nasal cavity regularly
- You cannot be seriously subjected to physical effort, play sports or go to the pool
- You can't drink alcohol
- You can't smoke
- Reduce or delete the use of coffee
- It is forbidden to visit a bathing establishment or a sauna
- Direct sunlight must be avoided
- You can't wear glasses.They affect the shape of the nose bridges, so you have to wait for the bone to heal completely.
Possible complications after rhinoplasty
It is considered a normal state if immediately after surgery there are bruises around the eyes and swelling.They are a direct consequence of the damage during the surgery of small vessels.After almost two weeks, the primary edema and the bruise should already go down.
The first complications include the following problems:
- Bleeding
- Hematoma
- Very strong edema
- Fabric necrosis
- Wound infection
- Discovery of seams
- Numbness of the nose tip
If these problems appear, it is necessary to contact the surgeon present in a timely manner and start treatment in time and prevent their further development.
Late complications include:
- Perhaps the appearance of bones corn
- The formation of Cheloid scars
- Opinion of the tip of the nose
- The bifurcation of the tip of the nose
- The shape of the nose saddle
- The curvature of the back of the nose
- Asymmetry
- The appearance of a hump on the nose
- Perforation of the partition
- Difficult breathing
Most of the complications listed above can be eliminated using a repeated operation.Some of them appear because of the surgeon's mistakes, some due to the fault of the patient's improper behavior during the recovery period and the occurrence of some is explained by the various characteristics of the human body.